Turkish Grammer Topics
| Step | Turkish Term | English Term | Hindi Term | Urdu Term | Arabic Term | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alfabe | Alphabet | वर्णमाला (Varnmala) | حروف تہجی (Huroof-e-Tahajji) | الأبجدية (al-abjadiyah) | The basic letters and sounds. Turkish has 29 letters, while Arabic has 28, and both languages have unique letters not found in English or Hindi. |
| 2 | Sesli ve Sessiz Harfler | Vowels and Consonants | स्वर और व्यंजन (Swar aur Vyanjan) | حروف علت اور حروف صحیح | الحروف المتحركة والحروف الساكنة | Turkish vowel harmony is unique. Arabic has only three vowels, which can be short or long, while English and Hindi have both vowels and consonants. |
| 3 | Büyük Harf Kullanımı | Capitalization | बड़े अक्षर का उपयोग | بڑے حروف کا استعمال | استخدام الحروف الكبيرة | Turkish and English capitalize letters in specific cases; Arabic doesn’t have capitalization. |
| 4 | Ekler | Suffixes | प्रत्यय (Pratyay) | لاحقے | اللاحقات (al-lahiqat) | Turkish and Arabic use suffixes for various grammatical functions, though Arabic often uses changes within the word (internal inflection). Hindi also uses suffixes differently. |
| 5 | Fiil | Verb | क्रिया (Kriya) | فعل | فعل (fi‘l) | Turkish and Arabic verbs conjugate according to tense and subject; Arabic has root-based morphology, while Turkish uses suffixes extensively. |
| 6 | İsim | Noun | संज्ञा (Sangya) | اسم | اسم (ism) | Arabic nouns are gendered, similar to Hindi, and Turkish has case suffixes but no gender. |
| 7 | Zamir | Pronoun | सर्वनाम (Sarvanam) | ضمیر | ضمير (dameer) | Pronouns in all languages change with person and number. Arabic and Hindi have gender-specific pronouns, unlike Turkish. |
| Pointing Words | اشارے کے الفاظ | |||||
| 8 | Sıfat | Adjective | विशेषण (Visheshan) | صفت | صفة (sifah) | Adjectives agree in gender and number with nouns in Arabic, unlike Turkish and English. Hindi has gender agreement but less strict than Arabic. |
| 9 | Zarf | Adverb | क्रिया विशेषण (Kriya Visheshan) | متعلق فعل | ظرف (zarf) | Modifies verbs or adjectives. Turkish adverbs don’t change form, unlike Arabic adverbs, which may agree with gender. |
| 10 | Cümle Yapısı | Sentence Structure | वाक्य संरचना (Vaakya Sanrachna) | جملے کی ساخت | بنية الجملة (bina’ al-jumla) | Turkish and Hindi use SOV structure, while Arabic uses VSO (Verb-Subject-Object), and English uses SVO. |
| 11 | Fiil Çekimi | Verb Conjugation | क्रिया का रूपांतरण | فعل کی گردان | تصريف الفعل (tasreef al-fi‘l) | Turkish and Arabic verbs conjugate for tense, person, and sometimes mood. Hindi conjugates for tense and subject but with different markers. |
| 12 | Çoğul Yapma | Pluralization | बहुवचन (Bahuvachan) | جمع سازی | الجمع (al-jam‘) | Turkish plurals use vowel harmony; Arabic uses internal changes or suffixes. Hindi also uses suffixes but with gender rules. |
| 13 | Zamanlar | Tenses | काल (Kaal) | زمانے | الأزمنة (al-azmina) | Turkish has multiple tenses similar to English, while Arabic primarily has past and present, with context indicating other aspects. |
| 14 | Durumlar | Cases | कारक (Karaka) | حالتیں | الحالات (al-halat) | Turkish and Arabic use cases, though Arabic has only three (nominative, accusative, genitive) and applies mainly in formal settings. |
| 15 | Şart Kipleri | Conditional Mood | संभाव्य क्रिया (Sanbhaavi Kriya) | شرطی مزاج | الشرط (al-shart) | Turkish and Arabic both use conditional forms, often marked by specific particles or suffixes. Hindi also has conditional forms but uses "agar" or "jo" particles. |
| 16 | Edatlar | Prepositions/Postpositions | संबंध बोधक (Sambandh Bodhak) | اضافت | حروف الجر (huroof al-jarr) | Turkish has postpositions similar to Hindi, while Arabic uses prepositions. |
| 17 | Olumsuzluk | Negation | नकार (Nakar) | نفی | النفي (al-nafi) | Turkish negates verbs with "-ma" or "-me"; Arabic uses "la" or "ma" depending on tense. Hindi and English use separate words for negation. |
| 18 | Soru Yapısı | Interrogative Structure | प्रश्न संरचना (Prashna Sanrachna) | سوالات کی ساخت | هيكل السؤال (haykal al-su’al) | Turkish forms questions with specific particles; Arabic often starts with a question word or the "hal" particle. |
Adjectives
| No | Turkish Word | Opposite | Meaning | Arabic Word | Memory Trick |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Büyük | Küçük | Big / Small | كبير / صغير (kabir/saghir) | Think "big" and "cute" (for small). |
| 2 | Uzun | Kısa | Long / Short | طويل / قصير (taweel/qaseer) | "Uzun" sounds like "zoomed in," so it’s long; "Kısa" for cutting short. |
| 3 | Yüksek | Alçak | High / Low | عالي / منخفض (a‘ali/munkhafid) | "Yüksek" sounds like "yuk," going up; "Alçak" sounds like "duck down," meaning low. |
| 4 | Genç | Yaşlı | Young / Old | شاب / قديم (shabb/qadeem) | Similar to Urdu, "Genç" for young generation, "Yaşlı" sounds aged. |
| 5 | Açık | Kapalı | Open / Closed | مفتوح / مغلق (maftooh/mughlaq) | "Açık" sounds like "ach" (open up), "Kapalı" similar to "cap" (close). |
| 6 | Güçlü | Zayıf | Strong / Weak | قوي / ضعيف (qawi/da‘eef) | "Güçlü" sounds like "gooch" for power; "Zayıf" sounds like "zaif" (weak in Urdu). |
| 7 | Yeni | Eski | New / Old | جديد / قديم (jadeed/qadeem) | "Yeni" for new like "yen" coin; "Eski" sounds like "antique." |
| 8 | Mutlu | Üzgün | Happy / Sad | سعيد / حزين (sa‘eed/hazeen) | "Mutlu" is like "mirthful" (happy); "Üzgün" sounds like "unhappy." |
| 9 | Temiz | Kirli | Clean / Dirty | نظيف / قذر (nazeef/qadhir) | "Temiz" sounds like "tidy"; "Kirli" sounds like "grimy." |
| 10 | Zengin | Fakir | Rich / Poor | غني / فقير (ghani/faqir) | Similar to Urdu, "Zengin" for rich; "Fakir" is poor. |
| 11 | Hızlı | Yavaş | Fast / Slow | سريع / بطيء (saree‘/batee) | "Hızlı" sounds like "hustle"; "Yavaş" like "yaw" to slow down. |
| 12 | Sıcak | Soğuk | Hot / Cold | حار / بارد (haar/bared) | "Sıcak" sounds like "sizzle" for hot; "Soğuk" sounds like "cold soak." |
| 13 | Doğru | Yanlış | Correct / Incorrect | صحيح / خطأ (saheeh/khat’a) | "Doğru" sounds like "due" (as in correct); "Yanlış" sounds like "wrongly." |
| 14 | Güzel | Çirkin | Beautiful / Ugly | جميل / قبيح (jameel/qabeeh) | "Güzel" sounds like "gorgeous"; "Çirkin" sounds like "chirk" or "chirp," unattractive. |
| 15 | Dolu | Boş | Full / Empty | ممتلئ / فارغ (mumtali/farigh) | "Dolu" sounds like "loaded"; "Boş" sounds like "bare," or empty. |
| 16 | Kolay | Zor | Easy / Difficult | سهل / صعب (sahl/sa‘b) | "Kolay" sounds like "cool," easy; "Zor" sounds like "tough chore." |
| 17 | Işık | Karanlık | Light / Dark | ضوء / ظلام (daw’/zalaam) | "Işık" sounds like "shine"; "Karanlık" sounds like "curtain," making it dark. |
| 18 | Kalın | İnce | Thick / Thin | سميك / رقيق (sameek/raqeek) | "Kalın" sounds like "colossal" (thick); "İnce" sounds like "inch," thin and precise. |
| 19 | Erkek | Kadın | Man / Woman | رجل / امرأة (rajul/imra’a) | "Erkek" sounds like "he," masculine; "Kadın" like "queen," feminine. |
| 20 | Gündüz | Gece | Day / Night | نهار / ليل (nahar/layl) | "Gündüz" sounds like "gündoğdu" (daybreak); "Gece" sounds like "jet" (flying by night). |
Fiil - Verbs
| No | Turkish Verb | Present Tense | Past Tense | Meaning | Arabic Word | Memory Trick |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yapmak | Yapıyor | Yaptı | To do / To make | فعل (fi‘l) | Similar to Urdu "yapna" (to prepare/do). Think "Yap" as "to yap" or make noise—doing actively. |
| 2 | Gitmek | Gidiyor | Gitti | To go | ذهب (dhahaba) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "jaana" (to go). Think "get meck!" like telling someone to get going. |
| 3 | Gelmek | Geliyor | Geldi | To come | أتى (ata) | Similar to "gal" in Punjabi (to come). Imagine saying, "Come on, gal!" |
| 4 | Sevmek | Seviyor | Sevdi | To love | حب (hubb) | Similar to Persian "sev" (to love). Think "Save" as in saving someone you love. |
| 5 | Almak | Alıyor | Aldı | To take / buy | أخذ (akhadha) | Think of "almonds" that you take or buy from a store. |
| 6 | Vermek | Veriyor | Verdi | To give | أعطى (a‘ta) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "deyna" (to give). Think "Ver" as "very giving." |
| 7 | Bakmak | Bakıyor | Baktı | To look | نظر (nazara) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "dekhna" (to see). Imagine a "bak" with wide eyes, looking around. |
| 8 | Bilmek | Biliyor | Bildi | To know | عرف (‘arafa) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "maloom" (known). Think "Bill me!" because you know the price. |
| 9 | Sormak | Soruyor | Sordu | To ask | سأل (sa'ala) | Similar to "sawal" in Hindi/Urdu (question). Think "sore" as the burden of asking many questions. |
| 10 | Bulmak | Buluyor | Buldu | To find | وجد (wajada) | Similar to "dhoondhna" in Hindi. Think "bully" who finds faults or finds problems. |
| 11 | Çalışmak | Çalışıyor | Çalıştı | To work / try | عمل (amal) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "kaam" (work). Think "Chal" in Hindi as in "Let's go work!" |
| 12 | Konuşmak | Konuşuyor | Konuştu | To speak | تكلم (takallam) | Similar to Urdu "bolna" (to speak). Imagine "konference"—a place to speak formally. |
| 13 | Yemek | Yiyor | Yedi | To eat | أكل (akala) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "khana" (to eat). Imagine "Yum!" sound of enjoying food. |
| 14 | İçmek | İçiyor | İçti | To drink | شرب (shariba) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "peena" (to drink). Imagine "Each" sip you take. |
| 15 | Açmak | Açıyor | Açtı | To open | فتح (fatha) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "kholna" (to open). Think of "ach!" like a door creaking open. |
| 16 | Kapatmak | Kapatıyor | Kapattı | To close | أغلق (aghlaqa) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "band karna" (to close). Think of "cap it!" to seal or close it. |
| 17 | Görmek | Görüyor | Gördü | To see | رأى (ra’a) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "dekhna". Imagine "Go, er!" as in going to see something. |
| 18 | Yazmak | Yazıyor | Yazdı | To write | كتب (kataba) | Similar to Persian "neveshtan". Think of "Yazoo" as in writing notes. |
| to read | ||||||
| 19 | Çıkmak | Çıkıyor | Çıktı | To go out | خرج (kharaja) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "bahar jaana" (to go out). Think of "kick" to go out quickly. |
| 20 | Gülmek | Gülüyor | Güldü | To laugh | ضحك (dahika) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "hansna". Think of "Gül" (flower), smiling like a blossoming flower. |
| 21 | Yürümek | Yürüyor | Yürüdü | To walk | مشى (masha) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "chalna" (to walk). Think of "You room" as walking to a room. |
| 22 | Dinlemek | Dinliyor | Dinledi | To listen | استمع (istama‘a) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "sunnna" (to listen). Think of "Din" as quietly listening to religious words. |
| 23 | İzlemek | İzliyor | İzledi | To watch | شاهد (shaahada) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "dekhna" (to watch). Think of "eyes" (iz) used for watching something. |
| 24 | Oynamak | Oynuyor | Oynadı | To play | لعب (la‘iba) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "khelna". Think of "Oh no! My turn to play!" |
| 25 | Okumak | Okuyor | Okudu | To read | قرأ (qara’a) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "parhna". Think of "Okay!" to start reading. |
| 26 | Dans Etmek | Dans ediyor | Dans etti | To dance | رقص (raqaṣa) | Think of "Dance!" directly from English. |
| 27 | Girmek | Giriyor | Girdi | To enter | دخل (dakhala) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "andar jaana". Think of "Gear up" to enter somewhere. |
| 28 | Sohbet Etmek | Sohbet ediyor | Sohbet etti | To chat | دردش (dardasha) | Similar to Urdu "baat karna". Think of "sohbet" as casual talk with a friend. |
| 29 | Yürüyüş Yapmak | Yürüyüş yapıyor | Yürüyüş yaptı | To go for a walk | نزهة (nuzha) | Similar to Hindi/Urdu "sair karna". Think of "you're wish" as going for a stroll. |
| 30 | Müzik Dinlemek | Müzik dinliyor | Müzik dinledi | To listen to music | استمع إلى الموسيقى | Similar to Urdu "sunnna". Think of relaxing while listening to music. |
| 31 | Futbol Oynamak | Futbol oynuyor | Futbol oynadı | To play football | لعب كرة القدم | Imagine "football play" directly from English. |
| To Study | ||||||
| nedemak | meaning | |||||
| Gouzmak | watching | dikhna | ||||
| ekran |
Comparing Hindi English Turkish Urdu
